The occurrence conditions of loose and weakly cemented strata are complex, and their characteristics of weak cementation, softness and low strength make it extremely difficult to control the roof stability of fully mechanized mining face. Therefore, based on the No.11 coal seam of Luxin Coal Mine in Inner Mongolia, this paper proposes a “one core and four controls” technical system with systematic roof control as the core and coordinated control of top coal thickness, mining height, support setting force and mining speed. Based on this system, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field monitoring methods are comprehensively used to focus on the two key parameters of top coal thickness and mining speed, and to reveal the influence mechanism and regulation effect on the stability of roof structure. The results show that increasing the thickness of top coal can significantly inhibit roof subsidence, optimize the force chain network and alleviate stress concentration. Reasonable control of the mining speed is helpful to maintain the dynamic balance between the deformation of surrounding rock and the redistribution of stress, and to promote the formation of dynamic, continuous and transient bearing structure of weak overburden under the condition of uniform advance, so as to effectively inhibit the instability of roof. On this basis, the controllable parameters and their optimization intervals with “top coal thickness” and “mining speed” as the core are clarified, and the effectiveness of the control system in improving the force of the support system, controlling the deformation of the roadway and maintaining the coordinated stability of the top coal on the coal wall is verified in the field application. This study reveals the key influencing mechanism of roof stability in loose and weakly cemented strata, and proposes a control method based on multi-parameter coordination, which provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for safe and efficient mining under similar geological conditions.